Mains Q Rashtradharma vs Western Models: Ancient Wisdom for Modern Governance (UPSC Focus)

Q. “Rashtradharma offers a culturally rooted model of ethical governance, distinct from Western constitutionalism.” Discuss regarding ancient Indian political thought. (150 Words)

 

Introduction

In Bharat’s civilizational context, governance was never morally neutral. It was deeply anchored in Dharma—the cosmic moral order.

Rashtradharma refers to the sacred duty of both rulers and citizens toward the nation. Here, the Rashtra is not merely territory but Bharat Mata, a living cultural and ethical entity.

In contrast, Western constitutionalism emphasizes individual rights, legalism, and separation of religion and state. Rashtradharma, however, places duty, justice, and public welfare at the heart of governance.

Body

🔹 Key Features of Rashtradharma:

  • Drawn from Mahabharata, Arthashastra, Manusmriti

  • Based on Rajadharma (ruler’s duty) and Lokasangraha (public welfare)

  • Stresses:

    • Kartavya (Duty) over rights

    • Ruler as Rajarshi – ethical, self-restrained

    • Governance as Seva, not power

🔹 Flowchart: Rashtradharma vs Western Constitutionalism


      Rashtradharma (Bharat)              |       Western Constitutionalism
-----------------------------------------|----------------------------------------
 Dharma = Foundation                     |   Law = Foundation
 Duty-based Citizenship                  |   Rights-based Citizenship
 Rajarshi Model (King as Sage)           |   Elected Leader (Managerial role)
 Lok Kalyan (Welfare of All)             |   Liberty & Rule of Law
 Ethics are Integral                     |   Ethics are External

Conclusion

Rashtradharma is not a relic of the past—it is a timeless model of ethical governance.

While modern constitutions offer legal structure, Rashtradharma provides moral direction.

Its integration into today’s public administration can nurture seva-rooted leadership, foster trust, and help India fulfill its civilizational dharma.

Location: India

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